The Pell Institute for the Study of Opportunity in Higher Education & The University of Pennsylvania Alliance for Higher Education and Democracy (PennAHEAD) A report on the 45-year trends in higher education attainment by family income. This report details the status of equity in United States higher education and identifies changes and trends over time in measures of equity. The report concludes with a section on the search for solutions, and two essays on strategies for widening the equity of participation in Higher Education in the United States.